Animation :: essays research papers

AnimationAnimation is a visual technique that creates the illusion of motion, rather than recording motion through exit action. The technique is utilize mainly for motion personations. Animation can be created by illustrators, filmmakers, video makers, and electronic computer specialists. Animation is most popular in creating resume movies. Advertisers also employ animation to develop commercials for television. In addition, producers of instructional films may use animation to help explain a difficult idea or one that could not be shown in live action. Animation can also be combined with live action in a movie. many animators continue to make many drawings by hand. Since the mid-1980s, however, computer assistance combined with hand-drawn animation has become standard in many movie studios. These methods created such feature-length alive films as The Lion King (1994) and The Prince of Egypt (1998). One increasingly important type of animation is computer-generated imagery (CGI ), in which the computer creates the characters and backgrounds and animates them without actually photographing either cels or figures. Films make entirely with CGI include Toy Story (1995), Antz (1998), and A Bugs Life (1998). Most CGI-animated characters start with a sketch or small sculpture called a maquette that is used for reference. The artist then creates a computer image called a wireframe model. The wireframe model serves as a framework for a shell or skin that gives the computer image a solid, three-dimensional appearance. To move the character, a computer animator changes the positions of the wireframe model in a number of key frames. The computer then supplies the frames mingled with the key frames, moving the model from one of the animators positions to the next. After creating the three-dimensional model, the artist adds color, texture, and shading in a process known as texture mapping. caryopsis mapping makes the surfaces of the characters and scenery look real. A texture map can be created by a computer program or scanned from an actual photograph. The lowest step is called rendering. During rendering, the computer calculates the effect of light, color, and texture on the models surface. For a film or video, the computer will produce a two-dimensional digital picture of the characters for each frame of the animation. The computer artist usually adjusts many visual effects, such as camera focus and transparency, during the rendering phase.